Magawo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi chitukuko cha kusindikiza kwa titaniyamu alloy 3D

Titaniyamu ndi imodzi mwa zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zowonjezera ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege, zida zosinthira ziwalo ndi opaleshoni, mafelemu othamanga ndi njinga, zamagetsi ndi zinthu zina zogwira ntchito bwino. Ma alloy a titaniyamu ndi titaniyamu amayamikiridwa ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zapamwamba zamakanika, chiŵerengero champhamvu kwambiri pakati pa kulemera, komanso kukana dzimbiri kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi kungapangitse maroketi ndi ndege kukhala zopepuka, motero kusunga mafuta ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yonyamula katundu. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga zamagetsi opepuka monga mafoni a m'manja ndi magalasi a VR, komanso m'ma implants azachipatala. Kuphatikiza apo, pamene makhalidwe enieni a titaniyamu aphatikizidwa ndi kuthekera kwapadera kosindikiza kwa 3D, ubwino wake udzakhala wowonekera kwambiri. Ndiye, kodi titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D ndi yotani? Kodi titaniyamu yodziwika bwino ndi iti? ChosindikiziraKodi pali msika?

△Zida za titaniyamu zosindikizidwa za 3D

Ma hip joints ochokera ku GE Additive, ma fan blades ochokera ku Sciaky, ma rocket tips ochokera ku Arcam Darker, titanium lattice components ochokera ku 3D Systems, titanium stents ochokera ku EOS, opareshoni ya spinal implants kuchokera ku Zenith Tecnica

Kusindikiza kwa 3D zimathandiza kupanga bwino titaniyamu pomwe kuchepetsa zinyalala za zinthu zopangira. Monga ukadaulo wowonjezera, kusindikiza kwachitsulo kwa 3D nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofunika zokha popanga gawolo, pamodzi ndi zinthu zochepa zothandizira kapangidwe kake. Kusindikiza kwa 3D kumathandizanso mapangidwe ovuta, monga njira zamkati ndi zinthu zopanda kanthu kapena zodzaza ndi lattice kuti zichepetse kulemera, zomwe sizingatheke ndi njira ina iliyonse yopangira. Chifukwa palibe nkhungu kapena zida, kusindikiza kwa titaniyamu kwa 3D kumatha kupanga zinthu zapadera monga zomangira za odwala, zitsanzo, ndi zida zofufuzira. Pali zitsanzo zambiri za titaniyamu yosindikiza ya 3D yopititsa patsogolo kupanga, chisamaliro chaumoyo, kufufuza malo ndi zina zambiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito titanium alloy yosindikiza ya 3D

△Mu 2023, Panerai adatulutsa Submersible S Brabus PAM01283 yokhala ndi chikwama cha titaniyamu chosindikizidwa mu 3D. Chithunzi chomwe chili kumanja chikuwonetsa kuti Holthinrichs Deconstructed idayambitsa wotchi yoyamba ya titaniyamu yosindikizidwa mu 3D.

Kusindikiza kwa Titanium 3D kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga zida zachipatala, njinga zogwirira ntchito, mawotchi apamwamba komanso zamagetsi, ndi chiyembekezo chopereka zinthu zopepuka koma zolimba kudzera mu mapangidwe atsopano, nthawi zambiri opangidwa mwamakonda.

● Zinthu zolondola komanso zamagetsi

Kusindikiza kwa 3D kumatha kupanga zigawo za titaniyamu zokhala ndi makoma ochepa kwambiri komanso zovuta, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawotchi, monga mawotchi a Panerai ndi Holthinrichs omwe awonetsedwa pamwambapa. Akuti mawotchi a titaniyamu alloy adzakhalanso gawo latsopano la Apple Watch Ultra.

△Chivundikiro cha hinge chosinthira cha titanium chosindikizidwa ndi 3D chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu foni yam'manja ya 2023 Honor Magic V2 yopindika

Mu 2023, kampani yopanga mafoni a m'manja ya Honor idakhazikitsa Magic V2 yake yatsopano yopindika, yomwe ili ndi chivundikiro chosinthira cha titanium chosindikizidwa mu 3D chomwe chili chopepuka komanso champhamvu 150% kuposa mtundu wakale wa aluminiyamu. Honor adati chidutswa chaching'ono cha titanium ichi, chomwe chingasindikizidwe mu 3D m'mamiliyoni, ndicho chinsinsi cha kulimba kwa chinthucho komanso kupindika ndi kutseguka bwino.

● Zopangira mano ndi mankhwala

△Kapangidwe ka 3D kopangidwa ndi American Orthofix Medical kotchedwa Construx Mimi Ti Spacer System kanavomerezedwa ndi US FDA mu 2021.

Mu makampani azachipatala, ma implant a titanium osindikizidwa ndi 3D akhala opambana pakugwiritsa ntchito msana, chiuno, bondo, ndi miyendo chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa chitsulocho ndi mphamvu zake zabwino zamakaniko, kuphatikiza kuthekera kosindikiza ma 3D okhala ndi ma pore (potero kumathandiza kuti osseointegration igwire bwino ntchito) komanso kusintha zinthu zambiri kuti odwala azitha kuchita bwino. Ma implant a titanium osindikizidwa ndi 3D akupeza kuvomerezedwa ndi kufunidwa. Popeza ma implant ambiri azachipatala amapangidwa kuti agwire anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto lomwelo, sali oyenera aliyense. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osowa nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa. Tsopano, ndi kusindikiza kwa 3D, n'zotheka kupanga ma implant opangidwira odwala payekhapayekha.

Mu 2023, dokotala wa opaleshoni ku UK adachita maopaleshoni anayi a dzanja tsiku lomwelo, pogwiritsa ntchito mbale za titaniyamu zosindikizidwa ndi odwala za 3D kuti akonze zolakwika zomwe zidasweka kale. Dr Akshay Malhotra, katswiri wa opaleshoni ya mafupa komanso katswiri wa zamankhwala m'manja ndi m'manja, anati: "Ntchito yokonzekerayi ikatha, mbale zopangidwa mwapadera zimasindikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wa titaniyamu, kenako zimayesedwa, zimatumizidwa ku UK ndikutsukidwa ku Chipatala cha County pokonzekera opaleshoni."

△Zomangira za titaniyamu za CoreLink zosindikizidwa mu 3D zili ndi kapangidwe kofewa komwe kamalimbikitsa kukula kwa mafupa, ndipo zolumikizira za titaniyamu zatsopano za FingerKit Consortium za odwala zimayikidwa pa zala zawo.

Madokotala ku Chipatala cha Manipal ku India adagwiritsa ntchito titaniyamu yosindikizidwa mu 3D pochiza wodwala khansa yemwe chotupa chake chinali kuwononga chifuwa chake mu 2022. Nthawi zambiri, ma implants a kukula kotereku angakhale olemera kwambiri kuti thupi la munthu lithe kunyamula, koma chifukwa titaniyamu ndi yopepuka komanso yamphamvu kwambiri, yolemera zosakwana magalamu 250, ndi yabwino kwambiri posindikiza ma implants mkati mwa thupi. Chifukwa cha kupambana kwa implant yosindikizidwa mu 3D, wodwalayo adachira mokwanira ndipo adatha kubwerera ku moyo wake wamba popanda kudalira makina akunja kuti amuthandize kupuma.

△Kudzera mu kusindikiza kwa titanium 3D, Angel Cycle Works inatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwake kwambiri ndikukonza kapangidwe ka njinga yatsopano ya Heaven.

Titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ndi 3D ndi yofala kwambiri m'mabasiketi amakono. Titaniyamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma crank, ma brake levers, stems, derailleur hangers, komanso ma full frames. Titaniyamu ndi yolimba ngati aluminiyamu komanso yopepuka ngati carbon fiber, popanda mavuto okhazikika a carbon fiber. Wopanga njinga za Carbon Wasp akufotokoza chifukwa chake akusiya aluminiyamu ndi carbon fiber m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito 3D printed titanium kuti apange crank arms yake yatsopano. Carbon Wasp anati: "Tinapeza njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira crank ku gearbox shaft popanda kufinya carbon fiber, koma nthawi zonse pankakhala zinthu zina zachitsulo zofunika, ndipo kumata crank ku carbon fiber kukanakhala ndi mavuto. Mafunso osatha. Pambuyo poyesa zinthu zina, Carbon Wasp adapeza kuti crank ya titanium yosindikizidwa ndi 3D ndi yopepuka ngati carbon koma yolimba m'malo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa. Tikuganizabe kuti carbon fiber ndiyo yabwino kwambiri pazinthu zina zambiri, kuphatikizapo chimango, koma tikugwira kale ntchito pazinthu zina za titanium."

Ponena za mafelemu athunthu, wopanga njinga Angel Cycle Works akuti idasindikiza 3D chimango cha titaniyamu yonse mu gawo limodzi lopepuka, lomwe limachotsa masekondi ofunikira pa nthawi ya mpikisano ndikupangitsa mapangidwe atsopano. Superbike yake yatsopano, yotchedwa Heaven, ndi yopepuka magalamu 400 kuposa mtundu wakale. Chimango china cha titaniyamu yonse chomwe chidayambitsidwa ndi Pilot chaka chino chimatchedwa Pilot Seiren. Chimango cha njinga yapamsewu chimasindikizidwa mu 3D kuchokera ku titaniyamu (chogawidwa m'zigawo zitatu). Kampaniyo ikunena kuti titaniyamu yosindikizidwa mu 3D imalola kuti njingayo isinthe momwe wokwerayo akufunira, ndipo chimangocho sichifuna utoto kapena utoto uliwonse.

△Kampani ya njinga ya Mythos imapatsa makasitomala zida zosiyanasiyana za titaniyamu zosindikizidwa mu 3D, kuphatikizapo zogwirira izi, pomwe Verve Cycling (kumanja) imapereka ma crank atsopano a titaniyamu osindikizidwa mu 3D.

△GKN Aerospace ikukonzekera kuwonjezera chosindikizira chatsopano chachikulu cha titanium 3D ku fakitale yake yaku Texas

△Popeza NASA imangofunika imodzi yokha, zida za titaniyamu zosindikizira za 3D za mkono wogwiritsidwa ntchito mwezi ndizomveka kuposa kupanga kwachikhalidwe.

● Kupanga

Kampani yopanga zinthu za semiconductor ASML tsopano ikusindikiza zinthu za 3D m'malo mopanga zinthu za titaniyamu zonyamula mawafa (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawafa), zomwe zimasunga 64% ya zinthu zopangira ndi kuzipereka mwachangu. Norsk Titanium, kampani yopanga zinthu zowonjezera zitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja yowongolera mphamvu (DED), ikusindikiza makilogalamu 80 (pafupifupi mapaundi 176) a zinthu za near-net shape preforms zokhala ndi Ti64 kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mawafa a semiconductor.

△Chida chosindikizira cha 3D cha titaniyamu chopangidwa ndi University of Washington

△Ufa wa titaniyamu

Makampani angapo, kuphatikizapo Virtual Foundry, amapereka waya wa titaniyamu wa extruder-based fused deposition modeling (FDM). Zinthuzo zili ndi ufa wachitsulo womwe uli mu PLA ndipo ukhoza kusindikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma printers a FDM kutentha kwa extruder pamwamba pa 205 °C. Pambuyo pokonza ndi kuwotcha, ulusiwu ukhoza kupanga zigawo zachitsulo zokhala ndi chitsulo choposa 90%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kupangidwa ngati prototyping.

△Laboratori yosindikizira ya 3D ya University Metal, Washington Joint Center for Earth Abundant Materials Deployment and Research, imapanga zida kuchokera ku titaniyamu

Mwachidule, chitukuko chamtsogolo cha titaniyamu yosindikizidwa mu 3D chili ndi chiyembekezo ndipo chidzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu m'magawo ambiri. Kudzera muukadaulo wopitilira komanso kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito, titaniyamu yosindikizidwa mu 3D idzabweretsa zida zachitsulo zosavuta, zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zapamwamba kwambiri kwa anthu.