Amasimi okusetyenziswa kunye nophuhliso loshicilelo lwe-titanium alloy 3D

I-Titanium yenye yezona zinyithi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yokongeza kwaye isetyenziswa kwi-aerospace, izixhobo zokutshintsha amalungu kunye nezixhobo zotyando, iifreyimu zomdyarho nezebhayisekile, izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nezinye iimveliso ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Ii-alloys ezisekwe kwi-titanium kunye ne-titanium zixatyiswa ngamashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yamandla azo aphezulu oomatshini, umlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla ukuya kubunzima, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kunentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi zinto kunokwenza iirokhethi kunye neenqwelo-moya zibe lula, ngaloo ndlela konga ipetroli kwaye kwandise amandla omthwalo. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-elektroniki ezikhaphukhaphu ezifana nee-smartphones kunye neeglasi ze-VR, kunye nakwizinto ezifakelweyo zonyango. Ngaphezu koko, xa iimpawu ze-titanium zidibene nobuchule obukhethekileyo bokuprinta kwe-3D, izibonelelo ziya kubonakala ngakumbi. Ke, zeziphi iindlela ezithile zokusebenzisa i-titanium eprintiweyo ye-3D? Zeziphi i-titanium eqhelekileyo IprintaIngaba ikwimarike?

△Iinxalenye ze-titanium eziprintiweyo ze-3D

Izihlunu zehip ezivela kwi-GE Additive, ii-fan blades ezivela kwi-Sciaky, ii-rocket tips ezivela kwi-Arcam Darker, ii-titanium lattice components ezivela kwi-3D Systems, ii-titanium stents ezivela kwi-EOS, ii-surgery spinal implants ezivela kwi-Zenith Tecnica

Ukuprinta kwe-3D ivumela ukwenziwa kwe-titanium okusebenzayo ngakumbi ngelixa kunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto eziluhlaza. Njengeteknoloji yokongeza, ukuprinta kwe-3D yesinyithi kudla ngokusebenzisa kuphela izinto ezifunekayo ukwakha loo nxalenye, kunye nenani elincinci lezinto zokwakha ezixhasayo. Ukuprinta kwe-3D kukwavumela uyilo oluntsonkothileyo, olufana nemijelo yangaphakathi kunye neendawo ezingenanto okanye ezizaliswe yilathisi ukunciphisa ubunzima, ezingenakwenzeka nangayiphi na enye indlela yokuvelisa. Ngenxa yokuba akukho zimo okanye izixhobo, ukuprinta kwe-3D ye-titanium kunokudala iindawo ezizodwa ezifana nezinto ezifakelweyo zesigulana, iiprototypes, kunye nezixhobo zophando. Kukho imizekelo engenakubalwa ye-3D printing titanium yokuqhubela phambili imveliso, ukhathalelo lwempilo, ukuhlola indawo kunye nokunye.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-alloy ye-titanium yoshicilelo lwe-3D

△Ngowama-2023, iPanerai yakhupha iSubmersible S Brabus PAM01283 exhotyiswe ngebhokisi yetitanium eprintiweyo ye-3D. Umfanekiso ongasekunene ubonisa ukuba iHolthinrichs Deconstructed yaqalisa iwotshi yokuqala yetitanium eprintiweyo ye-3D.

Ukuprinta kweTitanium 3D sele kusetyenziswa kakhulu ukuvelisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo njengezixhobo zonyango, iibhayisekile zokusebenza, iiwotshi zodidi oluphezulu kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi, ngethemba lokubonelela ngeemveliso ezikhaphukhaphu kodwa ezinamandla ngoyilo olutsha, oluhlala lulungiselelwe wena.

● Iimveliso ezichanekileyo kunye neemveliso ze-elektroniki

Ukuprinta kwe-3D kunokuvelisa iindawo ze-titanium ezixineneyo nezintsonkothileyo, ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ekwenzeni iiwotshi, njengeewotshi zePanerai kunye neHolthinrichs eziboniswe apha ngasentla. Kuthiwa iiwotshi ze-titanium alloy nazo ziya kuba yinxalenye ezayo ye-Apple Watch Ultra.

△Isigqubuthelo se-hinge ye-titanium alloy eprintiweyo ye-3D esetyenzisiweyo kwi-smartphone egoqekayo ye-Honor Magic V2 ka-2023

Ngowama-2023, umenzi wefowuni iHonor wazisa iMagic V2 yakhe entsha egoqekayo, enesiciko se-titanium esiprintiweyo nge-3D esikhaphukhaphu kwaye esomelele nge-150% kunenguqulelo yangaphambili ye-aluminium. UHonor uthe esi siqwenga sincinci se-titanium, esinokuprintwa nge-3D ngamashumi amawaka, sisitshixo sokuqina kwemveliso kunye nokugoba nokuvuleka okuthambileyo.

● Izinto zokufakelwa amazinyo nezamayeza

△Inkqubo ye-Construx Mimi Ti Spacer System ye-American Orthofix Medical's printed 3D titanium implant yavunywa yi-US FDA ngo-2021.

Kwishishini lezonyango, ii-implants ze-titanium eziprintiweyo ze-3D ziye zaphumelela ekusetyenzisweni komqolo, esinqeni, edolweni, nakwimiphetho ngenxa yokuhambelana kwendalo kwesinyithi kunye neempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini, kunye nokukwazi ukuprinta izakhiwo ezinemingxuma ze-3D (ngaloo ndlela kuvumela i-osseointegration) kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso ubuninzi ukuze kubekho iziphumo ezingcono zesigulana. Ii-implants ze-titanium eziprintiweyo ze-3D ziyavunywa kwaye zifunwa ngumthetho. Ekubeni uninzi lwee-implants zonyango zenzelwe ukugubungela inani elikhulu labantu abanesimo esifanayo, azifanelekanga kuye wonke umntu. Abantu abanezifo ezingaqhelekanga badla ngokungabandakanywa. Ngoku, ngokuprinta kwe-3D, kunokwenzeka ukuvelisa ii-implants ezenzelwe ngokukodwa izigulana ngabanye.

Ngowama-2023, ugqirha wotyando e-UK wenze utyando lwezihlunu ezine ngaloo mini inye, esebenzisa iipleyiti ze-titanium eziprintwe nge-3D ezilungiselelwe isigulana ukulungisa ukukhubazeka kwezihlunu ezaziqhekekile ngaphambili. UGqr. Akshay Malhotra, ugqirha wotyando lwamathambo kunye nogqirha wezonyango wezandla nezandla, uthe: “Nje ukuba le nkqubo yokucwangcisa igqityiwe, iipleyiti ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziyaprintwa kusetyenziswa umgubo we-titanium, emva koko zivavanywe, zithunyelwe e-UK kwaye zicocwe kwiSibhedlele saseCounty ukulungiselela utyando.”

△Izikrufu ze-titanium eziprintiweyo ze-3D zeCoreLink zinesakhiwo esineembobo esikhuthaza ukukhula kwamathambo, kwaye amalungu amatsha eminwe ye-titanium e-FingerKit Consortium alungiselelwe isigulane.

Oogqirha kwiSibhedlele iManipal eIndiya basebenzise i-titanium eprintiweyo ye-3D xa babenyanga isigulane somhlaza esasinethumba elalitshabalalisa isifuba saso ngo-2022. Ngokubanzi, ii-implants zobukhulu obunjalo ziya kuba nzima kakhulu ukuba umzimba womntu ungakuthwala, kodwa ngenxa yokuba i-titanium ilula kwaye inamandla kakhulu, inobunzima obungaphantsi kwama-250 grams, ifanelekile ukuprinta ii-implants ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ngenxa yempumelelo ye-implant eprintiweyo ye-3D, isigulane sachacha ngokupheleleyo kwaye sakwazi ukubuyela kubomi baso obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kumatshini angaphandle ukuba asincede siphefumle.

△Ngokuprinta kwe-titanium 3D, i-Angel Cycle Works ikwazile ukunciphisa ubunzima kakhulu kwaye yaphucula uyilo lwebhayisekile entsha yaseHeaven.

I-titanium eprintiweyo ye-3D ixhaphakile kwiibhayisekile zokusebenza zanamhlanje. I-Titanium isetyenziswa kwii-crank, ii-brake levers, iziqu, ii-derailleur hangers, nakwiifreyimu ezipheleleyo. I-Titanium inamandla njenge-aluminium kwaye ilula njenge-carbon fiber, ngaphandle kweengxaki zozinzo lwe-carbon fiber. Umenzi weebhayisekile i-Carbon Wasp uchaza isizathu sokuba ilahle i-aluminium kunye ne-carbon fiber ukuze isebenzise i-3D printed titanium ukwakha iingalo zayo zamva nje ze-crank. I-Carbon Wasp ithe: “Size neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokudala zokubopha i-crank kwi-gearbox shaft ngaphandle kokucinezela i-carbon fiber, kodwa bekukho izinto ezithile zesinyithi ezifunekayo, kwaye ukuncamathisela ii-inserts kwi-carbon fiber kuya kuba neengxaki. Kwimibuzo engapheliyo. Emva kokwenza i-prototyping, i-Carbon Wasp ifumanise ukuba i-3D printed lattice-filled titanium crank ilula njenge-carbon kodwa inamandla kwiindawo ezichaphazeleka kakhulu. Sisacinga ukuba i-carbon fiber yeyona ilungileyo kwezinye izinto ezininzi, kuquka nesakhelo, kodwa sele sisebenza kwezinye iindawo ze-titanium.”

Ukuthetha ngeefreyimu ezipheleleyo, umenzi weebhayisekile i-Angel Cycle Works uthi iprinte ifreyimu ye-titanium epheleleyo kwinxalenye enye ekhaphukhaphu, enciphisa imizuzwana ebalulekileyo kumaxesha omdyarho kwaye ivumela uyilo olutsha lwejometri. Ibhayisekile yayo entsha, ebizwa ngokuba yiHeaven, ikhaphukhaphu nge-400 grams kunenguqulelo yangaphambili. Enye ifreyimu ye-titanium epheleleyo eyasungulwa yiPilot kulo nyaka ibizwa ngokuba yiPilot Seiren. Ifreyimu yebhayisekile yendlela iprintwe nge-3D ngokupheleleyo kwi-titanium (yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu). Le nkampani ithi i-titanium yokuprinta ye-3D ivumela ukuba ilungise ibhayisekile ngokwentando yomkhweli, kwaye ifreyimu ayifuni pende okanye ipeyinti.

△Inkampani yeebhayisekile iMythos inika abathengi uluhlu lweenxalenye ze-titanium eziprintiweyo ze-3D, kuquka nezi handlebars, ngelixa iVerve Cycling (ekunene) inika ii-crank ezintsha ze-titanium eziprintiweyo ze-3D.

△I-GKN Aerospace iceba ukongeza iprinta entsha enkulu ye-titanium 3D kumzi-mveliso wayo waseTexas

△Ekubeni i-NASA ifuna enye kuphela, izinto ze-titanium eziprintwa nge-3D zengalo esetyenziswayo yenyanga zinengqondo ngakumbi kunemveliso yendabuko.

● Ukuvelisa

Umenzi we-semiconductor i-ASML ngoku uprinta nge-3D endaweni yokwenza ii-preforms zetreyi yokuthwala i-titanium (ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-wafer), esonga i-64% kwizixhobo eziluhlaza kwaye ezizisa ngokukhawuleza. I-Norsk Titanium, inkampani yokuvelisa izongezo zesinyithi esebenzisa iqonga le-directed energy deposition (DED), iprinta iikhilogram ezingama-80 (malunga neekhilogram ezili-176) zee-preforms ze-near-net shape kunye ne-Ti64 ukuze zisetyenziswe kwimveliso ye-semiconductor wafer.

△I-bracket yehabhu ye-titanium alloy wheel hub eprintiweyo ye-3D eyenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseWashington

△Umgubo weTitanium

Iinkampani ezininzi, kuquka iVirtual Foundry, zibonelela nge-titanium wire kwi-extruder-based fused deposition modeling (FDM). Le nto iqulethe umgubo wesinyithi ofakwe kwi-PLA kwaye ingaprintwa kusetyenziswa iiprinta ze-FDM kumaqondo obushushu e-extruder angaphezu kwama-205 °C. Emva kokucubungula nokusila, ezi filaments zinokuvelisa iindawo zesinyithi ezinomxholo wesinyithi ongaphezulu kwama-90%, nto leyo eyenza zifaneleke kwi-prototyping.

△Ilebhu yokushicilela ye-3D yesinyithi yeYunivesithi, iWashington Joint Center for Earth Abundant Materials Deployment and Research, yenza iinxalenye nge-titanium

Ngamafutshane, uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwe-titanium eprintiweyo ye-3D luzele lithemba kwaye luya kudlala indima enkulu kwiinkalo ezininzi. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha obuqhubekayo kunye nokwandiswa kwesicelo, i-titanium eprintiweyo ye-3D iya kuzisa iindawo zesinyithi ezilula, ezisebenzayo nezisemgangathweni kuluntu.