Imiterere y'ikoreshwa n'iterambere ry'imashini zicapa za titanium alloy 3D

Titanium ni kimwe mu byuma bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z’inyongeramusaruro kandi gikoreshwa mu byuma byo mu kirere, ibikoresho byo gusimbuza ingingo no kubaga, mu masiganwa n’amagare, mu byuma by’ikoranabuhanga n’ibindi bikoresho bikora neza cyane. Titanium na alloys zishingiye kuri titanium zihabwa agaciro n’inganda zitandukanye kubera imbaraga zazo nyinshi za mekanike, igipimo gikomeye cy’imbaraga hagati y’uburemere, no kurwanya ingese kurusha ibyuma bitagira umugese. Gukoresha ibi bikoresho bishobora gutuma roketi n’indege byoroha, bityo bikagabanya lisansi no kongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byoroshye nka telefoni zigendanwa na za goggles za VR, ndetse no mu bikoresho by’ubuvuzi. Byongeye kandi, iyo imiterere ya titanium ihujwe n’ubushobozi bwihariye bwo gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D, ibyiza bizarushaho kugaragara. None se, ni iyihe mikoreshereze yihariye ya titanium yacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D? Ni iyihe titanium isanzwe? IcapiroEse iri ku isoko?

△Ibice bya titaniyumu byacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D

Ingingo zo mu kibuno zavuye kuri GE Additive, ibyuma by'abafana byavuye kuri Sciaky, uduce twa roketi twavuye kuri Arcam Darker, ibice bya titanium byavuye kuri 3D Systems, stent za titanium zavuye kuri EOS, implants zo kubaga uruti rw'umugongo zavuye kuri Zenith Tecnica.

Icapiro rya 3D Bituma habaho gukora neza cyane titaniyumu mu gihe bigabanya imyanda y'ibikoresho fatizo. Nk'ikoranabuhanga ryo kongeramo ibikoresho, gucapa mu byuma bya 3D ubusanzwe bikoresha ibikoresho bikenewe gusa mu kubaka igice, hamwe n'ibikoresho bike cyane bishyigikira imiterere. Icapiro rya 3D rinatuma imiterere igoye, nk'imiyoboro y'imbere n'ibice byuzuyemo ububobere cyangwa ibiremereye kugabanya uburemere, bidashoboka mu bundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gukora. Kubera ko nta bibumbano cyangwa ibikoresho bihari, icapiro rya titaniyumu rya 3D rishobora gukora ibice byihariye nk'ibishyirwa mu mubiri by'abarwayi, ibishushanyo mbonera, n'ibikoresho by'ubushakashatsi. Hari ingero nyinshi za titaniyumu ya 3D yo gucapa kugira ngo iteze imbere inganda, ubuvuzi, ubushakashatsi mu isanzure n'ibindi.

Imikoreshereze ya aloyi ya titaniyumu icapa mu buryo bwa 3D

△Mu 2023, Panerai yasohoye Submersible S Brabus PAM01283 ifite agasanduku ka titaniyumu kacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D. Ishusho iri iburyo igaragaza ko Holthinrichs Deconstructed yashyize ahagaragara isaha ya mbere ya titaniyumu yacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D.

Icapiro rya Titanium 3D rimaze gukoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibintu bitandukanye nk'ibikoresho byo kwa muganga, amagare akora neza, amasaha meza n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abantu, hifujwe ko rizana ibicuruzwa byoroheje ariko bikomeye binyuze mu buryo bushya, akenshi bukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye.

● Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho

Icapiro rya 3D rishobora gukora ibice bya titaniyumu bifite inkuta nto cyane kandi zigoye, bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora udusanduku tw'amasaha, nk'amasaha ya Panerai na Holthinrichs agaragara haruguru. Bivugwa ko udusanduku tw'amasaha ya titaniyumu na two tuzaba igice cya Apple Watch Ultra.

△Igifuniko cy'inyuma cya titanium cyacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D cyakoreshejwe muri telefoni igendanwa ya Honor Magic V2 yo mu 2023 ipfunyika

Mu 2023, ikigo gikora telefoni zigezweho Honor cyashyize ahagaragara Magic V2 nshya ishobora gupfunyika, ifite igifuniko cya titaniyumu cyacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D, cyoroshye kandi gikomeye 150% kurusha verisiyo ya aluminiyumu yabanje. Honor yavuze ko aka gace gato ka titaniyumu, gashobora gucapwa mu buryo bwa 3D mu bihumbi mirongo, ari ingenzi ku kuramba kw'iki gicuruzwa no kugipfunyika neza no kugipfunyika neza.

● Gutera amenyo n'ibikomoka ku buvuzi

△Imashini ya American Orthofix Medical ya Construx Mimi Ti Spacer System yacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D yemejwe na FDA yo muri Amerika mu 2021.

Mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, imashini zicapa titanium za 3D zagize uruhare runini mu gukoresha uruti rw'umugongo, ikibuno, ivi, n'inyuma bitewe n'uko icyuma gihuza neza n'imiterere yacyo myiza, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gucapa imiterere ifite imyenge ya 3D (bityo bigatuma osseointegration) no guhindura imiterere y'umubiri kugira ngo umurwayi agire umusaruro mwiza. Imashini zicapa titanium za 3D zirimo kwemerwa n'amategeko kandi zisabwa. Kubera ko inyinshi mu mashini zicapa zikorerwa abantu benshi bafite ikibazo kimwe, ntizikwiriye buri wese. Abantu bafite indwara zidasanzwe bakunze kwibagirwa. Ubu, hamwe n'imashini zicapa 3D, birashoboka gukora imashini zicapa zagenewe abarwayi ku giti cyabo.

Mu 2023, umuganga w’inzobere mu kubaga mu Bwongereza yakoze abaganga bane ku kuboko kuri uwo munsi, akoresheje plaque za titanium zacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D kugira ngo akosore ubumuga bw’ukuboko bwari bwaravunitse mbere. Dr Akshay Malhotra, umuganga w’inzobere mu kubaga amagufwa akaba n’umuganga w’inzobere mu kubaga amaboko n’amaboko, yagize ati: “Iyo gahunda irangiye, plaque zabigenewe zicapishwa hakoreshejwe ifu ya titanium, hanyuma zikageragezwa, zoherezwa mu Bwongereza hanyuma zigashyirwa mu bitaro bya County mu rwego rwo kwitegura kubagwa.”

△Utugo twa titanium twa CoreLink twacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D dufite imiterere ifite imyenge ituma amagufwa akura, kandi ingingo nshya z'urutoki rwa titanium za FingerKit Consortium zigenewe umurwayi.

Abaganga bo mu bitaro bya Manipal mu Buhinde bakoresheje titaniyumu ya 3D ubwo bavuraga umurwayi wa kanseri wari ufite ikibyimba cyamushegeshe mu gituza mu 2022. Muri rusange, implanti nini nk'iyi yaba iremereye cyane ku buryo umubiri w'umuntu utabasha kuyitwara, ariko kubera ko titaniyumu yoroheje kandi ikomeye cyane, ipima garama ziri munsi ya 250, ni nziza cyane mu gucapa implanti imbere mu mubiri. Kubera intsinzi y'implanti ya 3D, umurwayi yarakize neza kandi abasha gusubira mu buzima bwe busanzwe atishingikirije ku mashini zo hanze kugira ngo zimufashe guhumeka.

△Binyuze mu icapiro rya titanium rya 3D, Angel Cycle Works yashoboye kugabanya uburemere cyane no kunoza imiterere y'igare rishya rya Heaven

Titanium yacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D irakunze kugaragara mu magare yo muri iki gihe. Titanium ikoreshwa mu magare, feri, amashami, udukoresho two gupakira imashini, ndetse no mu magara yuzuye. Titanium ikomeye nk'aluminium kandi yoroheje nk'iy'imashini ya karuboni, nta bibazo byo kubungabungwa kwa fibre ya karuboni. Uruganda rukora amagare Carbon Wasp rusobanura impamvu rureka gukoresha fibre ya karuboni yacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D kugira ngo rukore amagare yayo mashya. Carbon Wasp yagize ati: “Twabonye uburyo bwose bwo guhanga udukoresho two gufata crank ku gikoresho cy'imashini tudakanda fibre ya karuboni, ariko hari igihe habaga hari ibikoresho by'icyuma bikenewe, kandi gushyiramo udukoresho kuri fibre ya karuboni byagira ibibazo. Ku bibazo bitagira iherezo. Nyuma yo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera, Carbon Wasp yasanze crank ya titanium yuzuyemo uduce twa 3D yoroheje nk'iy'imashini ya karuboni ariko ikomeye mu bice bishobora kwangirika cyane. Turacyatekereza ko fibre ya karuboni ari yo nziza mu bindi bikoresho byinshi, harimo n'ishusho, ariko twamaze gukora ku bindi bice bya titanium.”

Tuvuze ku mashusho yuzuye, uruganda rukora amagare Angel Cycle Works ruvuga ko rwacapye 3D frame ya titaniyumu yose mu gice kimwe cyoroheje, bigabanya amasegonda y'ingenzi mu gihe cy'isiganwa kandi bigatanga imiterere mishya y'imiterere. Superbike yayo nshya, yitwa Heaven, yoroshye garama 400 ugereranyije n'iyabanje. Indi frame ya titaniyumu yose yatangijwe na Pilot uyu mwaka yitwa Pilot Seiren. Frame y'iyi moto yo mu muhanda yacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D yose ikoresheje titaniyumu (igabanyijemo ibice bitatu). Iyi sosiyete ivuga ko titaniyumu yo gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D ituma ihindura igare uko umuntu ashaka, kandi frame ntisaba irangi cyangwa irangi.

△Isosiyete y'amagare Mythos itanga ibice bitandukanye bya titaniyumu byacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D, harimo n'ibi bikoresho byo gufataho, mu gihe Verve Cycling (iburyo) itanga cranks nshya za titaniyumu zacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D.

△GKN Aerospace irateganya kongeramo imashini nshya nini ya titanium 3D printer mu ruganda rwayo rwo muri Texas

△Kubera ko NASA ikeneye kimwe gusa, ibice bya titanium byacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D ku kuboko gukoreshwa mu kwezi bifite ishingiro kurusha uko byakorwaga mu buryo busanzwe.

● Inganda

Uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor ASML ubu rukora ibikoresho bya 3D aho gukora ibikoresho bya titaniyumu (bikoreshwa mu gukora wafer), ruzigama 64% mu bikoresho fatizo kandi rubitanga vuba. Norsk Titanium, ikigo gikora ibikoresho by'inyongera mu byuma gikoresha urubuga rwa directed energy deposition (DED), kirimo gucapa ibiro 80 (hafi ibiro 176) bya preforms za near-net hamwe na Ti64 kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu gukora wafer ya semiconductor.

△Igikoresho cy'umugozi w'amapine cyacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D cyakozwe na Kaminuza ya Washington

△Ifu ya titaniyumu

Ibigo byinshi, harimo na Virtual Foundry, bitanga insinga za titanium zo gukoresha mu gushushanya imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya FDM (extruder-based fused deposition modeling). Ibikoresho birimo ifu y'icyuma iri muri PLA kandi bishobora gucapwa hakoreshejwe imashini zikoresha ibyuma bya FDM ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 205 °C. Nyuma yo gutunganya no gutwika, izi filaments zishobora gukora ibice by'icyuma bifite icyuma kirenga 90%, bigatuma biba byiza gutegurwa.

△Laboratwari ya Kaminuza y’icyuma ya 3D, Ikigo cya Washington Joint Center for Earth Abundant Materials Deployment and Research, ikora ibice bya titanium

Muri make, iterambere ry’ejo hazaza rya titaniyumu yacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D ryuzuyemo icyizere kandi rizagira uruhare runini mu nzego nyinshi. Binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kwagura ikoreshwa, titaniyumu yacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D izazana ibice by’icyuma byoroshye, byiza kandi byiza muri sosiyete.