Amasimu okusetshenziswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuphrinta kwe-titanium alloy 3D

I-Titanium ingenye yezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe futhi isetshenziswa ezindiza, amathuluzi okufaka esikhundleni amalunga kanye namathuluzi okuhlinza, ozimele bomjaho namabhayisikili, ama-elekthronikhi kanye neminye imikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ama-alloy asekelwe ku-titanium kanye ne-titanium ayaziswa yizimboni ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yamandla awo aphezulu omshini, isilinganiso samandla aphezulu nesisindo, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kunensimbi engagqwali. Ukusetshenziswa kwale nto kungenza amarokhethi nezindiza kube lula, ngaleyo ndlela konge uphethiloli futhi kwandise ikhono lomthwalo. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ekwenzeni ama-elekthronikhi alula njenge-smartphones kanye nama-VR goggles, kanye nasezifakelweni zezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izakhiwo ezingokwemvelo ze-titanium zihlanganiswa namakhono ahlukile okuphrinta kwe-3D, izinzuzo zizoba sobala nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izindlela ezithile zokusebenzisa i-titanium ephrintiwe nge-3D? Yiziphi i-titanium evamile IphrintaIngabe ikhona emakethe?

△Izingxenye ze-titanium eziphrintiwe nge-3D

Amajoyinti esinqeni avela ku-GE Additive, ama-fan blades avela ku-Sciaky, amathiphu e-rocket avela ku-Arcam Darker, izingxenye ze-titanium lattice ezivela ku-3D Systems, ama-titanium stents avela ku-EOS, izimila zomgogodla zokuhlinzwa ezivela ku-Zenith Tecnica

Ukuphrinta kwe-3D ivumela ukukhiqizwa kwe-titanium okuphumelelayo kakhudlwana ngenkathi kunciphisa imfucuza yezinto ezingavuthiwe. Njengobuchwepheshe bokwengeza, ukuphrinta kwe-3D yensimbi kuvame ukusebenzisa kuphela izinto ezidingekayo ukwakha ingxenye, kanye nenani elincane kakhulu lezinto zokwakha ezisekelayo. Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuvumela futhi imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, njengeziteshi zangaphakathi nezingxenye ezingenalutho noma ezigcwele i-lattice ukunciphisa isisindo, okungenakwenzeka nganoma iyiphi enye indlela yokukhiqiza. Ngenxa yokuthi azikho isikhunta noma amathuluzi, ukuphrinta kwe-titanium kwe-3D kungakha izingxenye ezihlukile njengezinto ezifakwe esigulini, ama-prototypes, namathuluzi ocwaningo. Kunezibonelo ezingenakubalwa ze-titanium yokuphrinta ye-3D ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, ukuhlola isikhala nokuningi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-alloy ye-titanium yokunyathelisa ye-3D

△Ngo-2023, iPanerai yakhipha i-Submersible S Brabus PAM01283 efakwe ikesi le-titanium eliphrintiwe nge-3D. Isithombe esingakwesokudla sibonisa ukuthi iHolthinrichs Deconstructed yethule iwashi lokuqala le-titanium eliphrintiwe nge-3D.

Ukuphrinta kwe-Titanium 3D sekuvele kusetshenziswa kabanzi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo eyahlukahlukene njengamadivayisi ezokwelapha, amabhayisikili okusebenza, amawashi okunethezeka kanye ne-electronics yabathengi, ngethemba lokuletha imikhiqizo elula kodwa enamandla ngemiklamo emisha, evame ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso.

● Imikhiqizo enembile kanye nemikhiqizo kagesi

Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kungakhiqiza izingxenye ze-titanium ezinezindonga ezincane kakhulu neziyinkimbinkimbi, ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-watch cases, njengewashi le-Panerai ne-Holthinrichs eliboniswe ngenhla. Kuthiwa ama-watch cases e-titanium alloy nawo azoba yingxenye ezayo ye-Apple Watch Ultra.

△Isembozo se-hinge ye-titanium alloy ephrintiwe nge-3D esisetshenziswe ku-smartphone egoqekayo ye-Honor Magic V2 ka-2023

Ngo-2023, umenzi we-smartphone i-Honor wethule i-Magic V2 yayo entsha egoqekayo, enesimbozo se-titanium esiprintiwe nge-3D esilula futhi esiqine ngo-150% kunenguqulo yangaphambilini ye-aluminium. I-Honor ithe lesi siqeshana esincane se-titanium, esingaphrintwa nge-3D ngamashumi ezinkulungwane, siyisihluthulelo sokuqina komkhiqizo kanye nokugoqeka nokuvuleka okubushelelezi.

● Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kwezokwelapha kanye nokufakelwa kwamazinyo

△I-American Orthofix Medical's 3D printed titanium implant Construx Mimi Ti Spacer System yavunywa yi-US FDA ngo-2021

Embonini yezokwelapha, izimila ze-titanium eziphrintiwe nge-3D ziye zaphumelela ekusetshenzisweni komgogodla, inqulu, idolo, kanye nemilenze ngenxa yokuhambisana kwensimbi nezinto ezinhle zomshini, kanye nekhono lokuphrinta izakhiwo ezinezimbobo ze-3D (ngaleyo ndlela kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-osseo) kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso ubuningi ukuze kube nemiphumela engcono yesiguli. Izimila ze-titanium eziphrintiwe nge-3D zithola ukuvunyelwa komthetho kanye nesidingo. Njengoba izimila eziningi zezokwelapha zenzelwe ukumboza inani elikhulu labantu abanesimo esifanayo, azifanele wonke umuntu. Abantu abanezifo ezingavamile bavame ukungabandakanywa. Manje, ngokuphrinta kwe-3D, kungenzeka ukukhiqiza izimila ezenzelwe ngqo iziguli ngazinye.

Ngo-2023, udokotela ohlinzayo e-UK wenza ukuhlinzwa kwezingalo ezine ngosuku olufanayo, esebenzisa amapuleti e-titanium aprintiwe nge-3D aqondene nesiguli ukulungisa ukukhubazeka kwezingalo okwakuphukile ngaphambilini. UDkt. Akshay Malhotra, udokotela ohlinzayo wamathambo onguchwepheshe kanye nochwepheshe wezokwelapha wezandla nezingalo, uthe: “Uma le nqubo yokuhlela isiqediwe, amapuleti enziwe ngokwezifiso ayaphrintwa kusetshenziswa i-titanium powder, bese ehlolwa, athunyelwe e-UK futhi ahlanzwe amagciwane eSibhedlela saseSifundazwe ukuze kulungiselelwe ukuhlinzwa.”

△Izikulufo ze-titanium eziphrintiwe nge-3D ze-CoreLink zinesakhiwo esinezimbobo esikhuthaza ukukhula kwamathambo, kanye namajoyinti amasha e-titanium e-FingerKit Consortium aqondene nesiguli.

Odokotela baseManipal Hospital eNdiya basebenzise i-titanium ephrintiwe nge-3D lapho belapha isiguli somdlavuza esasinomdlavuza owawulimaza isifuba saso ngo-2022. Ngokuvamile, izitho zokufakelwa zalobu bukhulu bezingaba nzima kakhulu ukuba umzimba womuntu ukwazi ukuzithwala, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi i-titanium ilula futhi inamandla kakhulu, inesisindo esingaphansi kwamagremu angu-250, ilungele ukuphrinta izitho zokufakelwa emzimbeni. Ngenxa yempumelelo yesitho sokufakelwa esiphrintiwe nge-3D, isiguli salulama ngokugcwele futhi sakwazi ukubuyela empilweni yaso evamile ngaphandle kokuthembela emishinini yangaphandle ukuze isisize siphefumule.

△Ngokuphrinta kwe-titanium 3D, i-Angel Cycle Works ikwazile ukunciphisa kakhulu isisindo futhi yathuthukisa ukwakheka kwebhayisikili elisha laseHeaven.

I-titanium ephrintiwe nge-3D ivamile emabhayisikilini anamuhla asebenzayo. I-Titanium isetshenziswa kuma-crank, ama-brake lever, iziqu, ama-derailleur hangers, ngisho nama-full frames. I-Titanium inamandla njenge-aluminium futhi ilula njenge-carbon fiber, ngaphandle kwezinkinga zokusimama kwe-carbon fiber. Umkhiqizi wamabhayisikili i-Carbon Wasp uchaza ukuthi kungani eshiya i-aluminium ne-carbon fiber ukuze asebenzise i-3D printed titanium ukwakha izingalo zakhe zakamuva ze-crank aftermarket. I-Carbon Wasp ithe: “Siqhamuke nazo zonke izinhlobo zezindlela zokudala zokubopha i-crank ku-gearbox shaft ngaphandle kokucindezela i-carbon fiber, kodwa kwakuhlale kudingeka ezinye izinto zensimbi, futhi ukunamathisela izinto ezifakiwe ku-carbon fiber kwakuzoba nezinkinga. Ngemibuzo engapheli. Ngemuva kokwenza i-prototyping, i-Carbon Wasp ithole ukuthi i-3D printed lattice-filled titanium crank ilula njenge-carbon kodwa inamandla ezindaweni ezithinteka kakhulu. Sisacabanga ukuthi i-carbon fiber ingcono kakhulu kwezinye izinto eziningi, kufaka phakathi uhlaka, kodwa sesivele sisebenza kwezinye izingxenye ze-titanium.”

Uma sikhuluma ngamafreyimu agcwele, umenzi wamabhayisikili i-Angel Cycle Works uthi iphrinte ifreyimu ye-titanium ephelele nge-3D engxenyeni eyodwa elula, enciphisa imizuzwana ebalulekile ezikhathini zomjaho futhi ivumele amajiyometri amasha okuklama. Ibhayisikili layo elisha eliphambili, elibizwa ngokuthi i-Heaven, lilula ngamagremu angu-400 kunenguqulo yangaphambilini. Olunye uhlaka lwe-titanium alloy olwethulwe yi-Pilot kulo nyaka lubizwa ngokuthi i-Pilot Seiren. Uhlaka lwebhayisikili lomgwaqo luphrinte i-titanium ngokuphelele nge-3D (luhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu). Le nkampani ithi i-titanium yokunyathelisa ye-3D ivumela ukuthi ihlele ibhayisikili ngendlela oyithandayo, futhi uhlaka aludingi upende noma upende.

△Inkampani yamabhayisikili i-Mythos inikeza amakhasimende uhla lwezingxenye ze-titanium eziphrintiwe nge-3D, okuhlanganisa nalezi ziphatho, kuyilapho i-Verve Cycling (kwesokudla) inikeza izinhlayiya ezintsha ze-titanium eziphrintiwe nge-3D.

△I-GKN Aerospace ihlela ukwengeza iphrinta entsha enkulu ye-titanium 3D efektri yayo eTexas

△Njengoba i-NASA idinga eyodwa kuphela, izingxenye ze-titanium zokunyathelisa ze-3D zengalo esetshenziswayo yenyanga zinengqondo kakhulu kunokukhiqiza okuvamile.

● Ukukhiqiza

Umkhiqizi we-semiconductor i-ASML manje useyiphrinta ye-3D esikhundleni sokwakha ama-preform e-titanium carrier tray (asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-wafer), esindisa u-64% ezintweni zokusetshenziswa futhi eziletha ngokushesha. I-Norsk Titanium, inkampani yokukhiqiza izengezo zensimbi esebenzisa ipulatifomu ye-directed energy deposition (DED), iphrinta amakhilogremu angu-80 (cishe amakhilogremu angu-176) ama-preforms anesimo esiseduze ne-net ane-Ti64 ukuze asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni i-wafer ye-semiconductor.

△Ibhulaki lehabhu le-titanium alloy eliphrintiwe nge-3D elikhiqizwe yi-University of Washington

△Impuphu ye-titanium

Izinkampani eziningana, okuhlanganisa ne-Virtual Foundry, zinikeza ucingo lwe-titanium lwe-extruder-based fused deposition modeling (FDM). Le nto iqukethe i-metal powder efakwe ku-PLA futhi ingaphrintwa kusetshenziswa amaphrinta e-FDM emazingeni okushisa e-extruder angaphezu kuka-205 °C. Ngemva kokucutshungulwa nokushiswa, lawa ma-filament angakhiqiza izingxenye zensimbi ezinokuqukethwe kwensimbi okungaphezu kuka-90%, okwenza zifaneleke ukwenza i-prototyping.

△Ilabhorethri yokunyathelisa yensimbi yaseYunivesithi, iWashington Joint Center for Earth Abundant Materials Deployment and Research, yenza izingxenye nge-titanium

Ngamafuphi, intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ye-titanium ephrintiwe nge-3D igcwele ithemba futhi izodlala indima enkulu emikhakheni eminingi. Ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwandiswa kokusetshenziswa, i-titanium ephrintiwe nge-3D izoletha izingxenye zensimbi ezilula, ezisebenza kahle nezisezingeni eliphezulu emphakathini.